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<h1>Beam Spread Calculator Math</h1>

<h2>Basic Formula</h2>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mi>Beam(perp.)</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mn>2</mn>
  <mo>&#215;</mo>
  <mi>throw</mi>
  <mo>&#215;</mo>
  <mo>tan</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mo>(</mo>
    <mfrac>
      <mi>&#952;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
    <mo>)</mo>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mi>Beam(parallel)</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mi>h</mi>
  <mo>&#215;</mo>
  <mrow>
    <mo>(</mo>
    <mo>tan</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mo>(</mo>
      <mi>N</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mfrac>
        <mi>&#952;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>&#8722;</mo>
    <mo>tan</mo>
    <mrow>
      <mo>(</mo>
      <mi>N</mi>
      <mo>&#8722;</mo>
      <mfrac>
        <mi>&#952;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
      </mfrac>
      <mo>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mo>)</mo>
  </mrow>
</math>
</p>

<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mi>Angle of Incidence</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mo>tan</mo>
  <msup>
    <mi>
      <mrow>
        <mo>(</mo>
        <mfrac>
          <mi>h</mi>
          <mi>d</mi>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>)</mo>
      </mrow>
    </mi>
    <mn>-1</mn>
  </msup>
</math>
</p>

<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mi>Throw</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <msqrt>
    <msup>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>+</mo>
    <msup>
      <mi>h</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
  </msqrt>
</math>
</p>
<ul>
  <li>&#952; : beam angle</li>
  <li>N : 90° - angle of incidence</li>
  <li>h : vertical height of instrument</li>
  <li>d : horizontal distance of instrument</li>
</ul>
<p><object width="605" height="140" data="beam.svg" type="image/svg-xml">
<img src="beam.gif" width="580" height="138" alt="illustration of variables
for beam spread calculations" />
</object>
</p>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/Math/">MathML</a>. We have added MathML display support using the W3C
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